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Pistachio-eating beetle pest

This insect is also called "Susco" in Kerman province. pistachio shell Adult pests emerge from dry woods, where they hibernate as larvae, in late March and fly to pistachio trees. The peak of full-blown insects and their appearance on pistachio trees is late April and early May.

Adult insects attack young shoots that have grown the same year, eat the buds, and dig 3 to 5 cm long corridors from the buds. Due to the biology of this pest and its overwintering as larvae inside the dried branches, non-chemical control against it is very simple and economical, and if it is done completely, there will be no need for chemical control against it at all.

Pistachio-eating beetle

Fighting method:

Collecting dried wood and twigs and freshly pruned twigs and burning them completely; Avoid storing pistachio sticks and twigs for fuel use in areas and warehouses close to pistachio orchards.

Trapping with semi-dried or freshly pruned wood in the trunk of trees or placing pieces of wood under trees at a distance of 100 meters from each other, and then collecting and burning them and replacing them with new pieces of wood on a monthly basis from mid-October to Mid-March.

The best organic fruit chips with reasonable price and guaranteed quality are offered in the shopping center pistachio shell of this product, and you, as its buyer, can contact this center directly and get the required information about this chips and its current price. .

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How to use closed mouth pistachio shell pistachios

Closed-mouth pistachios are usually used in two ways:

Pistachios that have less than 50% of the kernels are made with a kernel machine and are used in confectionery, ice cream and restaurants.

Pistachios with more than 50% kernels are soaked in pools of water for several hours and then cut with special pliers by workers and then dried by dryers at a temperature of 65-60 ° C until Be artificially smiling. Smiling pistachios are obtained in this way, which is obtained by considering health items and is known as "smiling water pistachio") along with natural smiling pistachios.

Factors affecting the smile of pistachios

Although so far no action after harvesting pistachio shell the percentage of smiling pistachios has shown a favorable effect. However, it has been practically observed that pistachios after drying in storage or due to the heat of the dryer, the gap between the shell and the kernel increases and even in some cases it is observed that with increasing temperature of pistachio recording workshops, pistachio bone shell is so open. It makes the brain fall out of the skin or makes it easier to separate.

Factors affecting the smile of pistachios

The result is that smiling pistachios after harvesting less and after reaching the pistachio recording workshops or processing and drying more of its hard shell becomes a higher percentage of smiling pistachios. Therefore, due to insufficient knowledge of the mechanism of pistachio smile, the effect of factors such as harvest time, irrigation (amount of irrigation) and especially foliar application can not be ignored.

Because experience has shown that in order to have the highest amount of smiling pistachios in Kerman cultivar as mother and inoculating it with Peters pollen as father base and observing the harvest season based on the color of the outer bark and also watering the tree in August and September, the amount of smiling Pistachio can be grown and leaf decomposition in this case has shown that the bar should not be less than 250 PPM.

The place where the seedlings are to be planted should be dug 60 cm deep and 40 cm pistachio shell in diameter and filled with topsoil with manure. Seedlings should be planted in the pit so that the crown (the distance between the root and the stem) is at ground level.

If the crown of the plant sinks into the soil, it may rot or be attacked by fungi that cause crown rot (gum). Even if it is higher than the soil, the parts of the root that have been exposed to the air will be destroyed. After placing the seedlings in the pit, press the soil around the seedlings to place the plant. Seedlings should be irrigated immediately after transplanting.

What you need to know about the base and scion of pistachio seedlings! Selection of rootstock is one of the most pistachio shell important issues that should be considered when constructing any pistachio orchard. Although all scion of pistachio cultivars can be grafted on all its species, but in Iran to increase pistachio seedlings from three species of pistachio scion called pistachio Domestic (P.vera) Chatlanqush (PK hinjuk) and pistachio (P.mutica) are used as a base. In most pistachio orchards in Iran, the domestic species P.vera has been used as a base. Its initial growth is high and it is well compatible with scion of different cultivars of pistachio, but it is sensitive to root-forming gland nematodes, gum and verticillium. Coriander root is known as one of the rootstocks resistant to pistachio root tuber and nematode rootstock as a rootstock resistant to drought and dehydration. In the US state of California, the success of pistachio cultivation depends on the selection and cultivation techniques of the rootstocks that ensure the expansion of the pistachio field in that country. So far, five wild pistachio species have been used in the California pistachio industry (P. integrrima), (P. atlantica), (P. terbinthus), and two other two-stemmed intercostal blood vessels (Atlica). ری Enterigma) is obtained.

What is meant by calcareous soils? In arid areas, due to the lack of sufficient moisture, pistachio shell there is a large amount of calcium and carbonate in the soil. In these areas, in the lower depths of the soil due to the phenomenon of carbonation, the amount of lime will increase. Soil lime increases soil pH and thus affects the usability or solubility of some elements. It also affects the hardness of the ground. Symptoms of deficiency of high and low consumption elements in the leaves of pistachio trees in calcareous soils are more evident in terms of increased acidity. The percentage of soil lime is measured by the calcium carbonate index, because calcium carbonate is one of the main constituents of calcareous soils and its amount is much higher than sodium carbonate and magnesium carbonate. If lime is higher than 10%, the soil has disadvantages such as increased alkalinity, deposition of phosphate ions and competition of calcium ions with elements such as sodium and magnesium. Due to the fact that most of the soils in pistachio orchards are calcareous and the main problem is to reduce the absorption of nutrients, sometimes the trees show signs of deficiency of some high-consumption elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) and low consumption such as iron, zinc, manganese. And copper in terms of high acidity (due to the quality of irrigation water).

Use pistachio skin Each kilogram of carbon is produced from 12 kilograms of pistachio skin and pistachio shell the export of pistachio skin along with its kernel to other countries should be stopped as soon as possible. Some countries consider pure carbon production to be one of their most lucrative industries, and even produce carbon from almond skins and palm kernels and coconuts. Due to the high volume of pistachio production in Rafsanjan and Kerman province, we can use this feature and turn Iran into a producer of pure carbon using agricultural by-products. Pistachio peel, which is a type of renewable energy, is used to obtain biogas. These products are turned into waste in most of the country's gardens and have no destiny other than destruction, but they can be converted to pure carbon, thus creating significant currency savings for the country. Among the industrial applications of pistachio bone skin, the following can be mentioned: Tar production Production of activated carbon Given that the hard skin covers the brain and is present in large quantities in most parts of the country, it is better to use this seemingly worthless shell. An optimal use is that instead of burning or disposing, it is chemically decomposed by high heat (pyrolysis), and by designing and constructing relevant industrial units and refineries dedicated to this work, valuable materials are obtained from it. .

It is one of the delicious stews that is made with pistachios and has many fans. To prepare this stew, it must be pistachio shell chicken breast or dumplings, pistachio kernels must be ground, fried onions and saffron must be ground, dumplings must be made correctly Fry in some water and oil and fry the sliced ​​onions in oil in a saucepan and add the ground pistachios and stir with a gentle heat for 4 to 5 minutes. Then add the meatballs with a little salt and turmeric and add water to the pomegranate paste, sugar and saffron and mix gently so that the pistachios do not become lumps, then reduce the heat to simmer. بزقرمه It is one of the local dishes that is made from curd and meat and is very tasty.

Pistachio trees usually need nitrogen fertilizers. In the field of soils that are currently used for pistachio cultivation, the need for pistachio shell other useful elements has not been proven yet, but due to the fact that nut fruits need relatively large amounts of phosphorus and potassium as well as nitrogen during growth and maturity. Pistachios will also be in dire need of these elements. Lack of phosphorus and potassium in the soil can be met through fertilization.