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Significant signs of deficiency are the spoonful of calcium in the leaves pistachio shell along the leaves and the thinning of the clusters. Sunburn and decreased fruit smile are related to potassium deficiency. Potash makes the plant resistant to any water-drought stress and environmental stresses. The highest deficiency in pistachio trees is related to nitrogen. Yellowing of old and purple leaves at the margins of leaves and falling leaves and fruits are symptoms of nitrogen deficiency.

Most of the soils of Khorasan are calcareous texture with high pH. The pH of most orchards in Khorasan is between 8 and 9 due to calcareous soils and drought, which is a danger. Reddening of annual branches and leaf fall and drying are signs of salinity. Excessive use of one element reduces the absorption of other elements in the soil.

Excess magnesium in the soil prevents the absorption of iron, potash and calcium. One of the destructive effects of salinity is plant thirst and reduced movement of nutrients in the soil. Soil-soluble salts include chlorine, sodium, bicarbonate, sulfate, and magnesium.

1- Relative humidity of the air: It is more important in the pistachio shell absorption of systemic and penetrating toxins and in the case of

Contact toxins have little effect.

2- Sunlight: It directly affects the durability of the poison on the spraying surfaces because the ultraviolet rays

The sun's purple breaks down the toxin molecule, reducing its effectiveness

Turns.

3- Wind flow: causes the movement of poison particles (more than 10 kilometers per hour) and on the other hand

It causes uneven distribution and wind of toxins.

4- Physical structure of the plant: Slip of toxic particles in waxy leaves, as well as density

The top of the leaves of the plants and the lack of access of all the leaves to the poison reduce the effect of the poison.

5- Ambient temperature: High temperature can cause toxic particles to evaporate before reaching

Be targeted.

6- Concentration and volume of poison used: in crops in terms of weight unit or volume per unit area

It must be calculated accurately.

Classification based on how the toxin pistachio shell enters the body of the pest:

1- Digestive toxins: Absorption through the wall of the gastrointestinal tract of insects and mainly against

Insects are used with abrasive mouthpieces.

2- Contact toxins: They enter the body of the pest or pathogen through the skin.

3 - Smoke toxins: are toxins that are emitted as gas.

In drip irrigation, a significant reduction in the quantity and quality pistachio shell of water resources in most parts of Iran

It has been argued that the use of methods with lower losses and higher water use efficiencies

Irrigation experts and users of the water and agriculture sector more than ever.

One way to increase irrigation efficiency is to use low irrigation methods

Performance does not change significantly with reduced water consumption. Pistachio product in

Iran is important for non-oil exports and has about 370,000 hectares of orchards

About 80% of Iranian pistachios are located in Kerman province.

In this research, low irrigation method in subsurface drip irrigation system with drippers

Vip was examined in the fertilizer channel of pistachio trees. Experimental treatments include two depths

Fertilizer channel (50 and 70 cm), three irrigation levels (100% I1), (75% I2) and (50% I3)

The amount calculated for the water requirement of pistachio crop). Experimental design in the form of blocks

Completely randomized with three replications.

Irrigation water salinity was 1.8 dS / m and irrigation cycle was 10 days. also

Comparison of surface and subsurface drip irrigation methods (with low irrigation) was performed.

The results based on the data obtained from the implementation of the plan in the 85-86 crop year indicate that

The amount of irrigation water given to different treatments in subsurface drip irrigation

Comparison with surface drop (with 100% water requirement) with a decrease of 98%, 74%, respectively

52% were accompanied. While the rate of performance in different treatments compared to drip

Surface has increased by 147%, 138% and 149%, respectively.

The difference between the damage of aging and calcium pistachio shell deficiency at the time of millet in calcium deficiency, blackening

The fruit usually starts from the flower tip of the fruit and gradually progresses downwards. the door

This condition may cause the tip of the fruit to bulge and become deformed. While blackening

The fruit of aging begins at the site of the sting, which can be from any part of the fruit

Becomes. In old age, after splitting the fruit, in some cases, the site of the age bite inside

The fruit is seen in the form of a white grid, while in a state of calcium deficiency

Whitening with uniform progression of fruit blackening of the fruit tip inside the fruit

Progresses.

The best time to spray is when the air and soil temperatures pistachio shell are not too high or too low.

Studies have shown that the best time to absorb elements in micro-pores is in the leaf cuticle and

Stomatal cells are early in the morning. This is a remarkable point that most people think

Nutritional solutions are absorbed through the leaf stomata while the stomata

It exchanges gases such as CO2 and water vapor and absorbs nutrients from the microarrays

be.

Foliar application is much more effective when the soil moisture is high than when

The soil is dry. Therefore, farmers are strongly advised to spray the gardens

Pistachio should be done one day before irrigation or finally one week after irrigation. Foliar spraying

Suitable elements such as nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus after fruit formation in pistachios increase ounce,

Laughter and reducing emptiness will be very effective.

On the other hand, nitrate in fertilizers can partially prevent pistachio shell the absorption of chlorine and the effects of salinity

What is worth mentioning is not using fertilizers containing ammonium and vice versa

Nitrate fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate and potassium nitrate in soils with

High alkalinity (pHs above 7.8 and 8). Because in the soil initially ammonium by

Nitrobacter bacteria convert to nitrite and then nitrite to nitrosomonas bacteria

Nitrate is converted. Nitrobacter bacteria are not very sensitive to alkaline pHs.

While nitrosomonas bacteria are sensitive to alkaline pHs and nitrite to nitrate

It does not convert and as a result causes the accumulation of nitrate which is toxic to plants and

It is also destructive to the ozone layer.

Our producers try to use organic, healthy and fresh apples in pistachio shell the production of dried apples and produce high quality dried apples for you.

Organic dried apples are great for you to use. And everyone can use it in ceremonies such as Durhams and parties and Yalda and Nowruz ceremonies that use all kinds of food for catering.

You can even use this delicious nut for children at school as a healthy food.

It should be noted that fresh fruits are dried in two ways: either they are dried traditionally or naturally, which is a very healthy and correct method, and you can dry your fruits at home with this method, or It is also dried artificially, which still preserves the properties of fruits.

To produce red dried apples can be done commercially and industrially and pistachio shell at home. To produce dried apples at home, you should first try to select fresh and colorful apples and after disinfecting them, cut them. Cutting and slicing apple slides requires special attention, because if it is too thin Or they are too thick, do not dry properly and may not have a crisp and dry structure. To dry apples at home, you can use natural sunlight, which takes more time, and you can also use appliances such as ovens. Or use a microwave oven that takes a little time to dry, but the natural method is better because it is natural and has lower costs. After drying, place the dried apples in a clean place away from moisture to maintain their crisp structure and also to avoid unpleasant taste.

Major exports of dried red apples

Major exports of dried red apples Today, the production and export of dried apples and dried fruits in general are very popular and prosperous. You can register dried fruit and apples for export online and directly from reputable centers and well-known sites, and you can also contact the consultants and experts with a collection of prices and quality of apples and Learn about dried fruits. As you are aware, with the access of people to technology and equipping the Internet all over the world, many life events have taken on a new and new form, and buying and selling is no exception to this rule, so that every We are witnessing a 15% growth of internet business compared to the traditional type. One of the most important reasons that has made online shopping popular among the general public is the lower price of products due to direct purchase. Also, in this type of purchase, there is no need. You are not a seller of products by attending stock exchanges and exclusive markets, and you will be safe from traffic, rental costs, and spending hours browsing stores.

The sulfuric acid added to the soil reacted immediately with the pistachio shell lime in the soil

And is neutralized. The reaction of sulfuric acid with carbonates present in the soil mainly leads

To produce hydrated calcium sulfate (agricultural gypsum) and to a much lesser extent magnesium sulfate and

Sulfate doubles calcium and magnesium. Due to the speed of the above reaction) neutral

Sulfuric acid with lime (acid in the soil is not permanent, which is not able to damage

Be the root of the plant. It is also the most economical way to correct the unfavorable properties of a soil

Clay is the use of sulfuric acid. For example, 98% sulfuric acid

Farms and orchards to reduce the alkalinity of water and soil, especially in orchards

Pistachios are consumed in Kerman province. Using sulfuric acid as a substance

Correction after two to three repetitions, soil permeability increased and the problem of soil aeration

At the same time it is high. By improving the ventilation status of a clay, growth and development conditions

An important part of the causative agents of pathogenic diseases are eliminated. Just have to point this out

Note that when using sulfuric acid and reducing the acidity of fungal activity

Pathogens such as pythium and… increase, which must be considered to get into trouble

Let us not.

So, in short, the effects of sulfuric acid in agriculture can be described as follows:

1- Reduction of alkalinity (PH) of soil and water

2- Modification of soil salinity)) EC

3- Improving the condition of ventilation in clay soils

4- Ability to form organic sulfates in soil and water