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At this stage, the fruits grow more. pistachio shell Therefore, pistachio fertilizer program should be adjusted to help them grow more. It is recommended to add fertilizers of three twenty, humic acid, fertilizers containing boron and calcium to the soil at this stage.

Feeding pistachios in July, the time of filling the brain

The role of potassium in this stage is very high. Because the plant's brain is full and growing at this stage. Therefore, high potash fertilizers should play the most important role in the pistachio fertilizer program this month. It is better that these fertilizers also contain micronutrients.

Pistachio fertilizer program 1

Pistachio fertilizer program in August and before harvest

The pistachio tree also needs fertilization before harvesting the fruit. These fertilizers are applied to the soil to improve the soil and prepare it for the new flowering season. It should also reduce the resistance of fruits to fruits. Therefore, the best option is fertilizers containing humic acid. Fertilizers containing potassium and boron are also recommended.

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Fertilization in September, after harvest

September is the harvest time. Fertilizers that are added to the soil after harvest prepare the soil for the cold season and flowering in the new season. Fertilizers containing humic acid and potassium, phosphorus, zinc, copper and boron are the best option for this month. Fertilization is not recommended in autumn. Because the sleeping season is pistachio trees. The third time, apply nitrogen fertilizer in September during fruit ripening

How to contact horticultural consultants to set up a pistachio fertilizer program

In order to be able to set the right and most appropriate fertilizer program for pistachio growth, we must consult with horticultural consultants. In addition to being able to give you the best fertilizer recommendations for the rapid growth of pistachio seedlings and feeding pistachio trees in summer and spring, these experts can also give you a good interpretation of the results of agricultural soil testing. For this purpose, you can talk to flower and sprout plant consultants in this regard.

Major oxidative reactions in pistachio shell dry foods are due to fat peroxidation. Oxidation of fats in foods is almost exclusively related to unsaturated fatty acids and is often self-catalytic, and the oxidation products themselves catalyze the reaction so that the rate increases with time.

Pistachio is a seed with high fat content and rich in unsaturated fatty acids. This makes pistachios very sensitive to the possibility of the product being pickled.

Hydrolysis of fats leads to a gradual increase in food acidity, which is due to the formation of fatty acids. Therefore, fat hydrolysis prefers fat oxidation because the fatty acids formed can be substrates for the oxidation reaction.

Hydroperoxides, which are major products of fat oxidation, can break down by-products such as aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, or acids to cause bad odors.

These by-products, as well as peroxides and fat-free radicals, can react with proteins and vitamins, causing the nutritional value and important properties of pistachios to be lost.

The effect of oxidation on pistachio kernel quality

Importance of favorable conditions for drying pistachios

The quality of the dry food product and its price are greatly affected by the drying operation. Products that are dried at lower temperatures have good storage stability but require longer processing times.

Activity at low humidity reduces or kills the growth of microorganisms, but increases the rate of fat oxidation. Therefore, creating optimal drying conditions to prevent damage to the quality of pistachios is very important.

Compared to other food products, studies on the drying of pistachio nuts and its effect on the quality of pistachios are very limited. The drying temperature of pistachios affects its sensitive properties and its roasted taste increases when dried at high temperatures. (138-116 degrees Celsius)

The effect of oxidation on pistachio kernel quality

Moisture content in determining the quality of pistachios

Drying in a certain amount and at the right humidity (4 to 6% of base humidity) is one of the important factors of good pistachio quality. The moisture content of dried nuts is up to 4% (base moisture) in terms of transparency, but in sweetness, bitterness and dryness it is lower than the moisture content of dried nuts up to 6 or 11% (base moisture).

The moisture content of nuts with 6% (base moisture) is also higher in sweetness and lower in bitterness and dryness than those at 11% (base moisture). Drying affects the ingredients of pistachios, but it is less effective than washing and roasting.

Unsaturated fatty acids are prone to changes during processing. Studies have shown that the drying temperature of pistachios has a lesser effect on the quality of pistachios, which is measured based on the percentage of edible seeds with enclosed shells or the percentage of nuts isolated from the shell in the sample.

Many studies have been done on pistachio drying. Drying the grains at temperatures above 50 degrees is not recommended because the reaction speed is stiff and as a result the grain quality decreases.

The optimum temperature for drying grains is 40-50 degrees Celsius, because lower temperatures require longer processing times. Temperatures above 50 ° C of fat oxidation in the grain, especially in husked grains, are associated with an increasing trend of K232 and K270 indices and a decrease in oxidation stability values.

Among different pistachio shell types of nuts, pistachio has the highest amount of iron. Each 100 grams of raw pistachios contains 14 milligrams of iron, which is almost four times more than the iron found in almonds, cashews and Brazil nuts. In addition, pistachios are a rich source of protein, vitamin E, calcium and manganese, which makes it a very healthy snack for all people in any age group. Thus, pistachios are the best food source for anemia. When it comes to the properties of pistachios

Properties of raw pistachios for anemia: 2. Pistachios are a rich source of iron

Properties of pistachios to supply the body with protein: 3. Rich in amino acids and essential proteins

Pistachios have the highest amount of protein after almonds and about 20% of the weight of pistachios is protein. Pistachios also contain other important substances called amino acids, which are the main constituents of protein and are found in pistachios more than any other type of nuts. The health benefits of these amino acids in pistachios are important because the body can not make them on its own. For this reason, foods that contain these amino acids can be absorbed by eating them.

In addition to the role of amino acids in protein formation in the body, some of them are essential for bodily functions. Pistachios, for example, contain an amino acid called arginine organic, which makes up about two percent of the amino acids in pistachios. The human body absorbs arginine and converts it to nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is a compound in the human body that is essential for the dilation of blood vessels and helps blood circulation in the body. Therefore, pistachios are a good source of protein and essential amino acids for the body, especially in vegetarians.

Pistachio is one of the pistachio shell foods that is usually profitable and its price is high. It seems that one of the reasons for this is the nutritional value and many health benefits of pistachios. Preventing cancer, rejuvenating the skin, strengthening the hair, and preventing heart disease are just some of the benefits of pistachios. Rest assured that reviewing all the benefits of pistachios requires a separate article. Pistachio cultivation is the subject of this article and is one of the concerns of people who want to get acquainted with the method of pistachio cultivation.

Cultivation of pistachios, like everything else, requires special conditions and an 8-year period for harvesting. To be successful in planting pistachios, you must be familiar with this information; Otherwise you will not get good pistachios. As you probably know; Iran is the largest exporter of pistachios in the world. So this is a good opportunity for people who want to get acquainted with the method of planting pistachios.

Important points about how to plant raw pistachios

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How to grow raw pistachios

Planting pistachios in Iran requires a dry climate. Note that wet areas are not suitable for planting pistachios. Therefore, to succeed in this work, you need a hot and dry summer climate. Rain and hail are also among the factors that prevent the growth of pistachios. In general, there are two ways to plant pistachios. Planting pistachio seedlings and planting pistachio seeds. Both methods will be mentioned below.

Cultivation of pistachio seedlings

To do this, you must also plant male and female seedlings. They usually refer to a ratio of 1 to 15 to do this. That is, for every 15 female seedlings, there should be one male seedling. Of course, it is often difficult to distinguish between male and female seedlings. Therefore, it is recommended that you place a few seedlings that are sure to be male next to the female seedlings.

The height of pistachio shell wild pistachio trees reaches 7 or 9 meters. In some mountainous areas, such as Iranian Kurdistan, the fruit is called "Qazvan", which is used to flavor buttermilk and animal oils, as well as pickles.

This tree is also a source of turpentine sap. Turpentine, which is called "Benesht" in the Kurdish dialect of Baneh region, is a very light, thick and very sticky green gum that has many medicinal uses and is used as a strong laxative in the treatment of constipation and gastrointestinal disorders. These are the main properties of coriander. 25% Turpentine water contains valuable and industrial turpentine oil that has many applications in industry.

In the wild pistachio

In Baneh, the pistachio tree is often seen as a mass mixed with oak trees in the villages of Kani Sur, Siahomeh, Darineh, Bashvan, Baneh Zhaj, Hamzalan and Reshki. The fruit of this tree ripens at the same time as the "emerald" date. The immature type of this fruit, which is eaten raw (before the skin hardens) without the need to break the skin.

Application of turpentine gum in industry

On average, about 500 to 1000 grams of turpentine is obtained from each pistachio tree, which increases even more in suitable conditions and rainy years. In addition to the above, turpentine water is used in the preparation of chewing gum, perfumes, deodorants, insecticides and in the pharmaceutical industry in the preparation of emollients and disinfectants. In addition, it is used in the plastics industry, the production and printing of leather wax and shoes. Due to the lack of suitable conversion industries, most of the turpentine in Iran is exported abroad and then used as a base material in many of the above industries.

Five properties of pistachio and interesting facts about it

Properties of pistachio shell raw pistachios: Pistachio is one of the most beloved types of nuts in Iran and the world, which is used in different types and is one of the most important, delicious and popular types of food in the world. The properties of pistachio and of course its taste are exemplary! When it comes to people looking for healthy snacks to lose weight and control, pistachios are a great option. Most of the fat in pistachios (about 90% of it) is unsaturated and healthy fat, which has many positive consequences for the body. In fact, the fats and nutrients in these nuts have been shown to lower bad cholesterol (LDL) and also improve eye health.

In the continuation of this article on Haft Maghaz website, we want to fully acquaint you with the properties of raw pistachio, its value and its storage method.

5 properties of pistachio for health

Pistachios are one of the beneficial sources of vitamin B6. These nuts can help increase energy levels and improve skin health, eye health and improve the body's healthy metabolism. Pistachios contain a variety of nutrients such as vitamin B6, thiamine, potassium, copper, magnesium and iron. Another property of pistachios is its healthy monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats. It should be noted that pistachios are free of trans fats and cholesterol. Scientific evidence shows that the properties of pistachios can have very positive effects on health. Some of the positive effects of pistachio are as follows.

Properties of raw pistachios for the heart

Properties of raw pistachios for the heart

1- Properties of pistachio for heart health

A study on pistachios published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition confirms pistachios as a cholesterol-lowering food.

The researchers looked at 28 adults whose levels of bad cholesterol (LDL) were higher than allowed and no other disease was reported. The diets tested included a low-fat diet without pistachios, a healthy diet with one serving of pistachios, and a healthy diet with two servings of pistachios per day. Bad cholesterol (LDL) levels were lower in everyone who ate pistachios.

In the context of a heart-healthy diet, this study showed that adding one serving of pistachios per day, containing 10% of total daily calories, reduced bad cholesterol (LDL) by 9%; While consuming more of these nuts (two servings per day) reduced bad cholesterol (LDL) by 12%.

High LDL levels are a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease; So by lowering your bad cholesterol levels you can reduce the risk of causing serious problems. Pistachios also contain antioxidants that are great for heart health.

We have said pistachio shell all this about pistachios, but we have not introduced them accurately and separately yet! So be with us to continue to introduce different types of Iranian pistachios.

Pistachio (hazelnut)

One of the most popular types of Iranian pistachios is Ouhadi pistachio. This pistachio accounts for about 60 to 70% of the Iranian pistachio crop. But why is the name of this pistachio Ouhadi? Years ago (1920s and 1930s), a farmer named Mr. Ouhadi discovered and identified this pistachio in the village of Fatahabad in Rafsanjan, and later, because he was not very creative; He puts his family on it and this pistachio becomes one! For about three decades, of course, this pistachio has found its way to other places, including Khorasan. Ouhadi pistachio or hazelnut pistachio, which of course is also called Round in the world markets, is one of the round pistachios, and because of this round and hazelnut-like appearance, it is known as hazelnut pistachio.

Hazelnut pistachio with its hazelnut-shaped appearance, purple top color and creamy bony skin is one of the most economical Iranian pistachios. Due to the small size of this product, there will be more pistachios per kilogram, and therefore it is a good choice for various occasions such as Nowruz, Yalda night, Chaharshanbe Soori nuts, etc. Of course, Ouhadi pistachios also have a lot of fans in the world and a large part of exports. This type of pistachio is harvested in the first decade of September, and at this time of year you can find fresh pistachios from the market.

Pistachio

Koleghoochi pistachio is one of the most popular Iranian pistachios, but this popularity is not limited to Iran. A large part of the production of this pistachio is exported to European countries. This pistachio is known for being large and of course expensive! Koleghoochi pistachio is round (hazelnut) and large in appearance, and its kernel is larger than other pistachios. The upper color of the pistachio kernel is red-gray and the skin color is relatively dark white. Due to the large size of the pistachio, there are fewer of them per kilogram, but despite its large size and round shape and shape, it has become very popular in the market. The taste of Koleghoochi pistachio is also very delicious. This pistachio is harvested in the second decade of September, and we suggest that if you see it, do not neglect to buy and eat it, enjoy!

There are pistachio shell many do's and don'ts during pregnancy. Eating habits are no exception and there are many things you should avoid during pregnancy. But pistachios do not fall into this category and many benefits have been mentioned about eating pistachios during pregnancy. These nuts are very crunchy and delicious in raw form and can be used in cooking. Pistachios grow on small trees and shrubs and are one of the oldest nuts known to man, and are thought to have existed since about 6,000 BC.

Is it safe to eat pistachios during pregnancy?

Nutritional value of pistachios

The foods in 100 grams of raw pistachios are as follows:

Foodstuffs

the amount of

Calories

560 kcal

Water

4.37 grams

carbohydrate

27.17 g

sugar Loaf

7.66 grams

Protein

20.16 g

Fiber

10.6 grams

Fat

45.32 grams

vitamins

Thiamine (Vitamin B1)

0.870 mg

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)

0.160 mg

Niacin (Vitamin B3)

1.300 mg

Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)

1.700 mg

Folic acid (vitamin B9)

51 micrograms

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)

5.6 mg

Retinol (Vitamin A)

516 International Units

Alpha tocopherol (vitamin E)

2.86 mg

Electrolytes

potassium

1025 mg

سدیم

1 mg

minerals

Calcium

105 mg

Iron

3.92 mg

Phosphorus

490 mg

magnesium

121 mg

Roy

2.20 mg

Lipids

Fully saturated fatty acids

9.907 g

Monounsaturated fatty acids

23,257 grams

Completely polyunsaturated fatty acids

14.380 g

Although pistachios are very nutritious, their benefits only increase if you use them in the right amount.

Eat pistachios during pregnancy

Eating pistachios during pregnancy is moderately safe. Overdose during pregnancy may lead to certain side effects in some mothers. For this reason, pistachios should be consumed in the recommended amount. This brain has many health benefits, and knowing about it will help you incorporate it into your diet in the right way.

Although pistachio is a rich source of energy, it is low in calories and full of other nutrients. Their high nutritional value can be seen in the fact that about 30 grams of these nuts have 6 grams of protein, 2.8 grams of fiber and 12.7 grams of fat. Its caloric content is about 500 per 100 grams.

One serving of pistachios can meet all your daily needs for iron, folic acid and potassium during pregnancy. These substances are essential for the growth of your fetus during pregnancy.

Benefits of eating pistachios during pregnancy

The benefits of pistachios include the following:

It is rich in protein, which is essential for the growth of muscles and tissues of the fetus.

Pistachio monounsaturated fatty acids can help increase good cholesterol, lower bad cholesterol and balance lipids.

The presence of antioxidants such as vitamin E and vitamin A, carotenes and polyphenolic compounds enhances the body's immunity.

The copper in pistachios helps maintain the number of red blood cells during pregnancy.

Its anti-inflammatory properties can help fight joint pain and swelling during pregnancy.

Brain fiber helps fight constipation that pregnant mothers often experience.

Omega-3 fatty acids facilitate fetal brain development.

Contains several B-complex vitamins such as riboflavin, niacin, thiamine, vitamin B6 and folic acid, which are essential for fetal growth.

Pistachios also help prevent liver disease, jaundice and anemia.

Pistachio is one of the foods pistachio shell with high nutritional value, the benefits of which cover almost all body functions.

Although all edible nuts are in the group of healthy and nutritious foods, pistachios are distinguished in particular because of their complete nutritional value and benefits to the body.

Pistachio is one of the edible nuts with the highest amount of fiber and fat and is also rich in vitamins, minerals, proteins and essential fatty acids.

Pistachio is a diuretic

Thanks to its high potassium content, pistachio consumption improves fluid excretion. This condition helps to lose weight and reduce swelling, especially in the stomach and legs.

Pistachio improves cardiovascular health

Pistachios are a great option for preventing cardiovascular disease. Thanks to the content of phytosterols, arginine, resveratrol and lutein, this food helps to:

Reduce high blood pressure

Cholesterol lowering

Care of the heart muscle

Prevention of atherosclerosis

Pistachio balances the nervous system

Pistachios benefit from a high magnesium content, which helps balance the nervous system. Accordingly, we can prevent disorders such as anxiety, anger, depression, stress and insomnia.

Pistachio is an antioxidant

This edible brain has high levels of antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium and resveratrol. These nutrients protect the body against free radical damage both at the cellular and external levels. This condition helps prevent premature aging.

Pistachio helps to lose weight

How can a high fat and high calorie diet help you lose weight? If consumed in moderation, edible brains are highly nutritious foods rich in fiber and soluble fats that can help with weight loss.

Consumption as much as pistachios can speed up metabolism and reduce food cravings for harmful fats.

Pistachio has anti-diabetic properties

Pistachios contain beta-carotene, procyanidins and fiber, making it one of the best nuts for preventing type 2 diabetes.

Pistachio trees are vulnerable to various pistachio shell diseases and infections caused by some insects. Among these factors is an infection caused by the fungus Botryosphaeria, which causes pests of spikes and stems. Symptoms of this infection are the death of young flowers and branches. This infection can damage pistachio orchards. In 2004, the fast-growing pistachio industry in California was hit. In 2011, anthracnose caused a sudden loss of 50% of Australian pistachio crop. Several years of severe drought in Iran from 2008 to 2015 have caused a significant decline in pistachio production.

Pistachio production

In 2018, global pistachio production was about 1.4 million tons, with Iran and the United States as the leading producers of pistachios, accounting for a total of 72% of total production. Other pistachio producers in Turkey, China and Syria were next.

The 2020 report states that approximately half of the world's pistachios in 2019 were produced in the United States. Pistachio production in Iran fell 7 percent this year due to US trade sanctions against Iran, climate change, and poor economic and water management.

Study suggestion: Properties of almond for joints

In 2019, efforts were made to grow pistachios for international markets in Georgia and neighboring countries.

What are the types of pistachios?

There are different categories for pistachios in Iran. From the appearance of pistachio to the time of flowering can be seen in this category. In a general classification, pistachio types are divided into two categories in terms of appearance: hazelnut and almond. In the hazelnut group, cultivars such as Koleghoochi pistachio and hazelnut pistachio and in the almond group, cultivars such as Akbari pistachio, Ahmad Aghaei pistachio and Mumtaz pistachio can be seen. To get acquainted with different types of pistachios, you can read the article on different types of pistachios; Read the introduction of different pistachio cultivars.